Court Order Requiring Removal of Reddit Criticism of Scientist/Consultant Vacated
From the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, which represented defendant Amy Gulley (click on the link above for a version with many more links):
In August 2023, a British court convicted nurse Lucy Letby of murdering seven children and attempting to murder six more. The trial garnered international media attention. When Sarrita Adams — a British expat living in California — questioned the scientific evidence behind the conviction. Claiming to hold a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge, Adams set up a website questioning the evidence, sought to submit a friend-of-the-court brief to the British court, and began fundraising to “aid in the upcoming appeal for Lucy Letby” — even starting a for-profit company, “Science on Trial, Inc.”
British media outlets and internet users questioned the credibility of Adams’s claimed credentials and expertise. Some pointed out a California appellate court opinion stating that Adams had not completed her Ph.D. as of November 2017 and questioned Adams’ fundraising efforts. Amy Gulley, a Pennsylvania resident, started a subreddit — r/scienceontrial — critical of Adams and her company, and criticized them on X (formerly Twitter).
In June 2024, Adams sued Gulley in California — a state Gulley had never even visited, three time zones away from her home on the east coast. Adams alleged that Gulley was “harassing” and “stalking” Adams, and “impersonating” Science on Trial, Inc., by using its name on a subreddit. Central to Adams’s claims was her allegation that Gulley “lied about [Adams’] educational qualifications . . . from the University of Cambridge[.]”
Adams obtained a restraining order — without a hearing — from the San Francisco court, which ordered Gulley: “Do not make any social media posts about or impersonate [Adams] and the company Science on Trial on any public or social media platform.”
An order prohibiting future speech is a prior restraint — the “most serious” type of infringement on First Amendment rights. FIRE and California attorney Matthew Strugar came to Gulley’s defense. We filed two motions:
- A motion to quash, challenging the California court’s jurisdiction over Amy Gulley, a Pennsylvania resident who had never been to California. The Constitution’s due process guarantees means that a state court does not have jurisdiction over someone who lacks “minimum contacts” with that state. If criticizing someone online meant that per
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