Biden’s Attack on ‘Ghost Guns’ Fits a Pattern of Lawless Firearm Regulation

During his 2022 State of the Union address, President Joe Biden promised he would “keep doing everything in my power” to eliminate “ghost guns you can buy online and make at home.” But Biden actually tried to do something that was not in his power: He purported to ban that previously legal business by administrative decree, provoking a preliminary injunction that was expanded last week.

In a rule that took effect last August, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) rewrote federal law in a vain attempt to prevent Americans from making their own guns. That rule is part of a pattern: The Biden and Trump administrations both have sought to unilaterally impose new gun controls, reversing longstanding ATF positions while defying the rule of law and the separation of powers.

Two Texas gun owners, a company that sells gun parts, and the Firearms Policy Coalition challenged the ATF rule in a lawsuit they filed on August 11 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Three weeks later, U.S. District Judge Reed O’Connor concluded that the plaintiffs were right that the ATF had exceeded its statutory authority.

Federal law defines a “firearm” as “any weapon” that “will or is designed to or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive.” The definition also includes “the frame or receiver of any such weapon,” meaning “the primary structural component of a firearm to which fire control components are attached.”

From 1978 to 2022, the ATF’s definition of firearms tracked that language by excluding partially manufactured frames or receivers. The new rule, O’Connor notes, “departs from nearly 45 years of ATF precedent” by classifying such parts as firearms when they are “designed to or may readily be” converted into frames or receivers.

The rule goes even further by treating parts kits as firearms when they are “designed to or may readily be” used to assemble a gun. Both of those extensions, O’Connor ruled, are inconsistent with the “plain language” of the law.

The ATF’s about-face in service of Biden’s gun control agenda threatened to des